Retrograde pyelogram shows hydronephrosis in the intrarenal collecting system (a) caused by a distal ureteral stricture (b arrow) with upstream ovoid dilation progressing to the a point of narrowing and partial obstruction. The shape is reminiscent of a both a bullet and a bodkin. A bodkin is a type of arrowhead which was used during the Middle Ages but also used as a term for a type of needle used in sewing
Ashley Davidoff MD TheCommonVein.net 70371c01